Keywords
child health services
socioeconomic factors
health service utilisation
Democratic Republic of the Congo
primary healthcare
How to Cite
Abstract
Introduction
Preschool health consultations (PSCs) are essential preventive child health services designed to promote growth monitoring, early disease detection, immunisation follow-up, and caregiver health education. However, utilisation of these services remains suboptimal in many low-resource settings, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa, where geographical, socioeconomic, and structural barriers persist.
Purpose
To identify the socio-economic, demographic, and structural factors associated with the utilisation of preschool health consultations among children aged 12–59 months in selected health zones of Kongo Central Province, Democratic Republic of the Congo.
Methods
A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted using secondary data from a household survey carried out in four health zones (Inga, Kitona, Kwilu-Ngongo, and Sekebanza). A total of 1,635 caregivers of children aged 12–59 months were included. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, bivariate analysis, and multivariable logistic regression to identify factors independently associated with PSC utilisation. Adjusted odds ratios (AORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were reported, and statistical significance was set at p < .05.
Results
Overall, 32% of children utilised PSC services. Utilisation varied significantly by geographical location, with lower odds observed in Kitona, Kwilu-Ngongo, and Sekebanza compared with Inga. Caregiver occupation and marital status were significantly associated with PSC utilisation, with higher utilisation among caregivers engaged in formal or agricultural employment and those living with a partner. Larger household size (≥6 members) was associated with reduced likelihood of PSC utilisation. Household socioeconomic status showed an association in bivariate analysis but was not an independent predictor in the adjusted model.
Conclusion
PSC utilisation in Kongo Central Province remains low and is influenced by geographical disparities, household structure, and caregiver socioeconomic characteristics. Strengthening equitable access to preventive child health services through targeted outreach, improved rural health infrastructure, and community-based interventions is essential to increase coverage and reduce disparities in child health outcomes.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Umumbu, F. A., Kwilu, N., Lakasi, M. M., Atila, M. N.