Orapuh Journal

Assessment of health risks associated with water-borne diseases due to flooding in the Kwilu River Valley in Kikwit, Democratic Republic of the Congo

Sat, 02 Nov 2024 18:27:19 +0000

Introduction

Flooding poses a socio-environmental threat by introducing water to areas usually dry, thereby facilitating the spread of various pathogens. Flood-prone areas are vulnerable to numerous health risks, often resulting in fatalities, especially among children under five and pregnant women.

Purpose

This study aims to assess the health risks associated with water-borne diseases caused by flooding in the Kwilu River Valley in Kikwit.

Methods

This research employs a cartographic approach combined with experimentation and descriptive observation to analyze a non-probabilistic sample.

Results

Climatic and geomorphological factors are the primary natural causes of flooding in the Kwilu River Valley. Socio-environmental vulnerabilities among residents in the study area contribute significantly to the health risks associated with flooding. Malaria is the most prevalent water-borne disease in the Kwilu Valley, followed by diarrhoea, pneumonia, and typhoid fever.

Conclusion

The health risks associated with flooding in the Kwilu River Valley in Kikwit are substantial. Pathological surveillance, enhanced drainage systems, and expanded public health campaigns are essential to promote improved living conditions for the community.

Impact of the kangaroo mother care method on neonatal survival from 2015 to 2020 at the General Reference Hospital in Buta, Democratic Republic of the Congo

Sat, 02 Nov 2024 19:31:56 +0000

Introduction

Neonatal mortality rates remain a significant concern in resource-limited settings, where effective interventions are crucial. The Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC) method has emerged as a promising strategy to improve neonatal survival through skin-to-skin contact and mother-centered care.

Purpose

This study aims to assess the impact of the KMC method on neonatal survival and to explore the perceptions of healthcare professionals and mothers regarding this approach at the General Reference Hospital in Buta, Democratic Republic of the Congo.

Methods

This quasi-experimental retrospective study, conducted over a 60-month period (2015–2020) at the General Reference Hospital in Buta, DRC, used a mixed-methods approach to compare neonatal survival rates and complications in preterm and low-birth-weight newborns before and after the introduction of the Kangaroo Mother Care method. Quantitative data were analyzed from 650 preterm newborns, while qualitative experiences and satisfaction levels were gathered from 20 mothers and 15 healthcare professionals.

Results

Quantitative analysis showed a significant increase in neonatal survival rates, rising from 32.6% before the introduction of KMC to 63.4% afterward (p < 0.01). Additionally, the rate of neonatal complications decreased from 26.7% to 8.6% following the method’s implementation. Qualitative findings revealed that 85% of mothers and 90% of healthcare professionals expressed favorable opinions regarding the execution of KMC.

Conclusion

The study demonstrates that implementing the Kangaroo Mother Care method at the General Reference Hospital in Buta significantly improved neonatal survival rates, with positive perceptions from both mothers and healthcare professionals. These findings suggest that KMC could be a key strategy for improving neonatal survival in the Democratic Republic of the Congo and similar settings, underscoring the need for continuous training of healthcare staff and the integration of this approach into neonatal health policies.

The Heavy metals contamination and health risk assessment in food samples from the Democratic Republic of the Congo: A systematic review

Sat, 02 Nov 2024 21:34:03 +0000

Heavy metal contamination in food poses significant risks to food safety and human health. Chronic exposure can lead to serious health issues, with the impact of contaminated foods influenced by factors such as exposure level, body mass, age, and gender. Vulnerable populations, including pregnant women and children, are particularly at risk. Long-term exposure to heavy metals is associated with various disorders, including metabolic diseases like diabetes and obesity, as well as reproductive system disruptions and cancers. This review synthesizes available data on heavy metal contamination in foods within the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) and provides recommendations for enhancing heavy metal risk assessment. A comprehensive search of PubMed/MedLine, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, and EMBASE yielded ten relevant studies published between 2011 and 2021. The distribution of studies included five from Kinshasa (50%), three from Katanga (30%), and two from Kongo Central (20%). Seventy percent of the studies focused on vegetable samples, with additional analyses of fish (30%), beef (10%), and aquatic invertebrates (10%). Risk assessment metrics, including Estimated Daily Intake (EDI), Target Hazard Quotient (THQ), Metal Pollution Index (MPI), and Hazard Index (HI), were employed in five studies (50%). The findings highlight the urgent need for comprehensive monitoring of heavy metals in diverse food sources throughout the DRC to accurately assess associated health risks and inform public health interventions.

Developing a practical framework for the recruitment and retention of radiographers in the public sector of KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa

Nonkululeku Cibane, Muhammad Hoque — Sat, 09 Nov 2024 12:05:25 +0000

Introduction

There is a notable lack of strategic recruitment and retention initiatives for radiographers in KwaZulu-Natal Province. This is evident in the disproportionate ratio of radiographers to the population they serve and the imbalance between those employed in the public and private healthcare sectors.

Purpose

This study aimed to develop a comprehensive framework to improve the recruitment and retention of public sector radiographers in KwaZulu-Natal by examining relevant policies and regulations, as well as gathering insights from both service-level and managerial radiographers.

Methods

A sequential exploratory mixed-methods approach was employed, incorporating a document review, a cross-sectional survey of a stratified random sample of 220 radiographers, and in-depth interviews with a purposive sample of ten radiography managers from various public hospitals in KwaZulu-Natal. Thematic analysis was used for the document review and interviews with managers, while logistic regression was applied to identify significant predictors of retention in the quantitative data.

Results

The document review revealed that, although policies and procedures for recruitment and retention exist, the radiography profession is poorly regarded within the broader healthcare field. Radiographers are underrepresented in decision-making bodies and lack an advisory board. The intention to leave the profession was significantly influenced by factors such as incentives (p=0.030) and burnout (p=0.007). Participants highlighted several barriers to effective recruitment and retention, including inadequate policy implementation, insufficient support and recognition, and limited opportunities for career advancement.

Conclusion

The proposed framework emphasizes the importance of advocating for the radiography profession in decision-making forums, ensuring the effective implementation and monitoring of recruitment policies, improving the work environment, and enhancing career development pathways for radiographers.

Treatment nonadherence factors among rural South African patients with diabetes mellitus attending primary care facilities

Milliscent Mabunda, Mathildah Mokgatle, Muhammad Hoque — Sat, 09 Nov 2024 12:07:01 +0000

Introduction

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a significant global public health challenge, with effective management relying heavily on patient adherence to treatment protocols. In South Africa, particularly in low-resource settings like the Soweto area in the Johannesburg Health District, treatment nonadherence among diabetic patients is a pressing concern, contributing to poor health outcomes and increased healthcare costs.

Purpose

This study aimed to identify and analyze factors associated with treatment nonadherence among patients diagnosed with diabetes mellitus attending primary healthcare facilities in Soweto, Johannesburg Health District, South Africa.

Methods

This was a cross-sectional quantitative study conducted among 490 diabetic patients attending primary healthcare facilities in Soweto using structured anonymous questionnaires. The chi-squared test was used to assess associations between treatment nonadherence and various factors. SPSS version 27 was used to analyze the data.

Results

The average age of the patients was 59 years, and 66% were female. The nonadherence rate among the patients was 31%, with 80% having occasionally missed a dose of their medication. Gender, marital status, monthly household income, number of years living with diabetes, and adherence to diet were significantly associated with nonadherence to diabetes treatment (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

The study highlights the multifaceted nature of treatment nonadherence among diabetic patients in Soweto. Addressing these factors requires a comprehensive approach, including improving patient education, enhancing social support, and addressing socioeconomic barriers.

Opinions of caregivers on supporting couples in perinatal bereavement at the Kintambo Maternity Hospital, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo

Thu, 14 Nov 2024 14:15:38 +0000

Introduction

Maternity units are supposed to be places that welcome new life, but sometimes things do not go as hoped. Many mistakenly believe that the death of a baby, known for only a few hours or days, has less impact than the death of an older child. However, the sense of loss experienced by parents is equally profound.

Purpose

The objective of this study was to assess the opinions of caregivers on supporting couples in perinatal bereavement at the Kintambo Maternity Hospital in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo.

Methods

This descriptive study was conducted at the Kintambo Maternity Ward in Kinshasa, focusing on caregivers' opinions regarding the support of couples during perinatal bereavement. A survey was used to explore the issue and collect data, aiming to describe and understand the phenomenon from the perspective of those involved. Additionally, face-to-face interviews were employed as a data collection technique, allowing caregivers to express their views.

Results

The results show that 56% of the caregivers interviewed were men and 46% were women. However, 41% of caregivers expressed a favourable opinion regarding the support of couples during perinatal bereavement, while 59% expressed an unfavourable opinion. Furthermore, 25.4% of caregivers believed that emotional involvement is an obstacle to supporting couples, 20.3% lacked in-depth knowledge about perinatal bereavement support, 35.5% showed a lack of empathy, and 18.6% of caregivers displayed a lack of psychological stability.

Conclusion

Supporting a couple during perinatal bereavement is challenging and requires a range of personal skills and significant self-awareness. A caregiver, dealing with both their own emotions and those of the couple, can be a custodian of suffering. It is essential for caregivers to harness their emotions positively, using them as a strength rather than fearing them, in order to better understand and care for those in mourning.

Determinants of acceptability of cervical cancer screening among women of reproductive age in the Kalamu 1 Health Zone, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo

Fri, 15 Nov 2024 11:31:29 +0000

Introduction

Cervical cancer is primarily associated with persistent infections by specific oncogenic human papillomaviruses (HPV), which can cause cellular changes leading to precancerous and cancerous conditions. Screening is crucial for detecting precancerous lesions, enabling early interventions to prevent cancer progression.

Purpose

This study aims to identify the determinants influencing the acceptability of cervical cancer screening among women of reproductive age (18-49) in the Kalamu 1 Health Zone, Kinshasa.

Methods

A quantitative, cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted using the Fisher exact formula, a population of over 10,000 in the Kalamu 1 Health Zone. A total of 415 women were surveyed between August 20 and September 4, 2019, using a semi-structured questionnaire. Logistic regression analysis was employed to assess the relationship between various factors and screening acceptability.

Results

The average age of respondents was 28 ± 7 years. Logistic regression identified key determinants affecting screening acceptability. A low level of education was significantly correlated with reduced acceptability (odds ratio: 8.91; 95% CI [1.46-35.27]; p = 0.01), indicating that less-educated women are about nine times less likely to accept screening. Women unaware of cervical cancer were also significantly less likely to participate (odds ratio: 19.30; 95% CI [9.13-35.20]; p = 0.00), highlighting a strong link between lack of knowledge and refusal. Additionally, the distance from home to the screening center emerged as a major barrier (odds ratio: 22.87; 95% CI [8.10-60.47]; p = 0.00), with those living farther away nearly 23 times less likely to accept screening. These results underscore the need for enhanced awareness programs and improved access to screening services, especially in remote areas.

Conclusion

Targeted public health interventions are essential for improving cervical cancer screening uptake. Educational programs must increase awareness about cervical cancer and the importance of early screening, particularly among women with limited formal education. Expanding the geographic accessibility of screening services could address significant barriers, enhancing participation and contributing to better prevention and early detection of cervical cancer within the community.

Determinants of the use of family planning services among sexually active adolescents and young women in the Mweka Health Zone, Democratic Republic of the Congo

Wed, 20 Nov 2024 09:33:17 +0000

Introduction

The low utilization of family planning services among sexually active adolescents and young women is a pressing public health issue, particularly in the Mweka Health Zone of the Democratic Republic of Congo. Understanding the factors influencing this utilization is crucial for improving access and outcomes.

Purpose

This study aims to identify the determinants associated with the use of family planning services among sexually active adolescents and young women in the Mweka Health Zone.

Methods

This cross-sectional study surveyed 422 randomly selected adolescents and young women using a prospective survey method supported by a closed-ended, self-administered questionnaire.

Results

Key findings indicate that spousal involvement (χ² = 4.175, p = 0.041), interpregnancy spacing (χ² = 16.364, p = 0.000), and health area affiliation (χ² = 12.396, p = 0.030) significantly influenced the use of family planning services. Stigmatization also negatively impacted service utilization (χ² = 5.05, p < 0.05). Additionally, the duration of walking to access services (χ² = 10.987, p = 0.01) and the alignment of contraceptive methods with expressed needs (χ² = 6.132, p < 0.05) were identified as significant factors.

Conclusion

Barriers such as limited spousal support, community stigma, inadequate knowledge, and fear of side effects significantly hinder access to family planning services among sexually active adolescents and young women in the Mweka Health Zone. Addressing these barriers is crucial to enhancing service utilization and improving reproductive health outcomes. Potential interventions include increasing community education to reduce stigma, engaging male partners through targeted awareness programs, and improving access to youth-friendly counselling. These strategies could support informed family planning choices, thereby reducing unintended pregnancies and advancing health equity among young women. Further research and policy initiatives are recommended to tailor family planning services to the needs of this demographic.

Drivers of negative caesarean section experiences in Haut Uélé Province, Democratic Republic of the Congo

Fri, 29 Nov 2024 10:38:14 +0000

Introduction

Caesarean section is a commonly performed obstetric procedure that is often associated with a higher rate of peri- and post-operative complications. These complications include anaesthetic problems, haemorrhage, lower uterine segment tears, bladder and bowel injuries, ureteral lesions, infections, thromboembolic risks, anaemia, and bowel transit disorders. These issues can negatively impact women's perceptions and experiences of caesarean section, affecting their overall experience of the procedure.

Purpose

This study aims to identify the factors associated with negative experiences of caesarean section to help improve women's experiences with this procedure in Haut Uélé Province.

Methods

This was a quantitative, descriptive, and correlational study designed to explore the determinants of negative experiences among women who had undergone caesarean sections in this local context.

Results

The study's findings demonstrated the positive impact of midwife training on reducing negative experiences of caesarean sections. Factors associated with negative perceptions included a lack of communication about the diagnosis before surgery, inadequate disclosure of the need for a caesarean section, an unhealthy hospital environment, and poor family perceptions of the procedure.

Conclusion

Improving communication, enhancing the hospital environment, and fostering better family understanding of caesarean sections can help reduce the negative experiences associated with this procedure. Enhanced training for midwives plays a critical role in achieving more positive outcomes for women undergoing caesarean sections.

Oral health challenges and management strategies for patients undergoing orthodontic treatment

Rapheal K. Falegbe, VE Adamu — Sun, 01 Dec 2024 07:42:43 +0000

Orthodontic treatment is a complex medical procedure that involves a series of steps aimed at achieving a desired outcome over an extended period, utilizing various types of appliances to correct malocclusion. This review seeks to explore common oral health issues faced by patients undergoing orthodontic treatment and to recommend effective strategies for addressing these problems. To gather relevant information, we conducted a comprehensive literature search across several databases, including PubMed/Medline, Google Scholar, JSTOR, Medscape, Elsevier, ResearchGate, Academia, Intechopen, and Sagepub, retrieving over 120 papers. The inclusion criteria were papers published in English between 2017 and 2021 within the review's subject area. From this pool, 50 papers were selected and thoroughly examined to provide the information presented in this article. The review is structured around orthodontic treatment concepts, types of appliances used to correct malocclusion, and the associated oral health conditions in patients, along with their management strategies. In conclusion, maintaining a high standard of oral hygiene is crucial for all patients undergoing orthodontic treatment. Patients should be educated on proper daily oral hygiene practices and encouraged to attend regular dental check-ups and prophylactic treatments.